CHRISTMAS DAY by F.D. Maurice
(Preached at Guy's Hospital. Christmas Day, 1839.)
The Word was made flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His
glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father, full of
grace and truth. ST. JOHN i. 14.
MY BRETHEEN, You that are here to-day, have come together
from various places. Many of you do not know each other now, scarcely any of
you knew each other a few weeks ago. You have been brought up in different
families, perhaps many miles, or hundreds of miles apart. You have had
different joys, and different sorrows. Each of you has some ache or sickness of
his own. Each of you knows a whole world of things about himself, and knows
very little about his neighbours. And yet I can wish you all a happy Christmas
today. And I know that the words belong to one of you as much as to another. To
you that were born here in London, and to him that was born (if there be such a
one) over the sea ; to you who have a wife and children, and to you who have
none ; to healthy men, and sick men, be their sickness what it may. It is
strange that it should be so ; but you know that so it is. These same words ' A
happy Christmas to you ! ' have been spoken this morning by people who never
heard of us. The like of them have been spoken in, other languages. They have
been spoken now for nearly eighteen hundred years. The persons who heard them
through all that time, and in all those places, understood that they were
addressed to themselves.
It is a pleasant thought, this, that we are not shut up, each
in his own narrow circle ; that people have some common thing to be glad about,
if it were but for a little while ; for one day in the whole year. And yet, I
think, there would be a sadness in that thought too. It would be sad to feel
"We have been brethren in joy for a few hours, but it could not last. In a
little time the flood of our private feelings, and sorrows, and sins, broke in
upon us, and we were divided and solitary again." It would be better,
would it not, if this joy, in which we are all sharers, was one which had
something to do with each of us, one which each of us, in his private chamber,
had been crying after ; something that would give another meaning to our own
pleasures, and that would take the sting out of our pains. Then that common day
of happiness would be one which we might remember, it would not be a day of
twenty-four hours, but a day to last for ever.
Let us see whether Christmas day be such a day as this. You
are told what it means in the verse I have just read, "And the Word was
made flesh, and dwelt among us ; and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the
only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth." These words explain
Christmas to us; the Church uses them for that end. But the words themselves
are most wonderful who shall interpret them? Perhaps you may say, 'The chapter
which you read to us from the desk interprets them. That tells us when and how
the Word was made flesh.’ You would say rightly; but still that answer would
not be enough. It is true that the event which that chapter speaks of, is the
event which the text speaks of. But what did that event mean ? What does St.
John mean when he says THE WOKD was made flesh? We turn back a few verses, and
we find him saying, " In the beginning was the WORD, and the Word was with
God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things
were made by Him, and without Him was not anything made that was made. In Him
was life, and the life was the light of men. And the light shineth in the
darkness, and the darkness comprehended it not." ' What,’ you will
exclaim, ' and do such words as these make Christmas day clearer to us ? Surely
they speak of things almost too deep for an angel to think of. Can you suppose
that they will help us poor and ignorant men to understand anything ? Christmas
day we have kept for many years ; old men and children, young men and maidens,
have kept it. Must we go back to the beginning of the world before we can learn
how to keep it rightly ? '
Yes! Brethren, I believe that you must give heed to these
words if you would know what Christmas day is, or what any day of your lives
is, or what you your selves are, or why you have come into this world, and what
you have to do in it. But I believe, also, that they are not hard words; not
words which poor and ignorant need turn away from. I am sure they are meant
especially for those who find that the things which are told them in books puzzle
them very much, and that they cannot make out the sense of what is told them
from pulpits ; for men who have a livelihood to get by the sweat of their brows
; for men whose bodies and minds are wasted by disease. I say this confidently,
and I think when you have considered what it is that perplexes you in books and
in sermons, you will agree with me. Is it not the words you read and hear in
them ? They float about you; they tell you of something that you are sure you
want to know, but you cannot see them or handle them, and the things you can
see and handle, do not tell you what they signify. Whence do they come? Who has
given them to you ? Who has taught you to utter them ?
St. John reveals the secret. He speaks to us of THE WORD. Of One in whom the very life and sense of them dwells." In
him," he says, " was life," and not only this, but "the
life was the light of men." All the light or intelligence that has ever
been in any man's mind, has come from him, has been communicated by him. All
those thoughts and questionings with us which words try to explain, are
awakened by him. It is he who leads each man to ask, " What am I ? Whither
am I going ? What is it to be a man? '
It is he who gives the answer. But this is not enough. We are living in
the midst of a strange world ; we have eyes and ears to take in the sights and
sounds of it; but we do not know what all these sights and sounds have to do
with us ; what use we are to make of them; whether they are our masters or our
servants. "All things” says St. John, " were made by him, and with
out him was not anything made that was made."What clear bright sunbeams
are these ! It seems as if they caught light from the very source of light.
This world, that is so beautiful when we look at it, and yet seems so confused
when we think about it, was made by him who is the Lord of men ; by that Word
who inspires their thoughts, who gives them language. Out of him came the light
that makes each thing distinct from the other, and the life that brings all
things into one. He is the maker of the world, and the interpreter of it.
This is strange and amazing; but it is not all. You are
confused about yourselves, and your own lives, and you are confused about the
world that surrounds you. But is there no other thought more confusing and
overwhelming still ? Is there not a whisper in your hearts about One who is
higher than yourselves ; and higher than the world ; about One who is all
Powerful and all Right ; One who cannot look upon any evil thing, or be
satisfied with anything that is less good and holy than himself ? Is there no
whisper about God ? Hear once again : "In the beginning was the Word, and
the Word was with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with
God." He then who made the worlds, he who is the light of men, was with
God before all things were. He knew the absolute and awful Being whom our lips
tremble to speak of ; He held converse with Him ; He delighted in Him. Yea, he
was God. This unseen Teacher of men, this source of our light and our life, was
perfectly one with Him whom no man hath seen or can see ; the brightness of his
glory, the express image of his person.
Brethren, am I speaking of things too deep and fearful for
men to utter ? I should think so indeed, if St. John had not uttered them, and
if the Church had not bidden me set them before you to-day. The more deep and
awful they seem to you and to me, the better it is for us. Let us pray God that
every day we may grow into the feeling which Moses had when he drew nigh to the
bush, and was commanded to put his shoes from off his feet, because the place
whereon he stood was holy ground. But we shall not have this feeling unless we
do approach when God speaks to us and bids us approach him. The coward has no reverence;
only a vague dread of something that he thinks will do him harm. If we would
tremble with a real holy fear, we must come into the light, and sea everything
as it stands out beautifully and gloriously, not stay in the darkness, where
there are nothing but dim shadows and specters which frighten us, and which we
wish to fly from. St. John warns us of this. After he has spoken of him who is
the light of man, he says, "And the light shineth in the darkness, and the
darkness comprehended it not." This light is with us, about us, at every
hour and moment. It comes to us, and brings a thousand things back to us that
we thought were gone forever. Words that were spoken to people who have left
the world ; acts that no human eye saw ; thoughts that passed in the depths of
our own souls. You know you that have been on sick beds that what I say is true
; you know that all these have visited you as you lay at night, longing for
sleep and not finding it. And have you not also felt this? 'Now, even now there
is an evil near me, clinging to me, that I cannot get rid of : it is part of my
own self ; if it dies, I must die.” And then how dark the future has looked to
you. You have said to yourselves, “It may be better, the light may break in
upon it.” You could not wholly lose that
hope. But it has grown dimmer and dimmer, and you have feared that the time to
come would be darker and more miserable than the time gone by, and you could
see no end of it.
Here, brethren, is the Light shining in the darkness. Someone
there is who has power to recall those things that you thought had perished, to
set them clearly and fully before you. Someone there is who is admonishing you
of your state now. Some one there is who can enable you to look onward. And, oh
brethren, have you not oftentimes felt, “He who has this power, has another
too. He might deliver me out of this evil, even of that past evil which seems
to possess me. He might give me a new life in the midst of this death. If I could
see and know him, and converse with him, I believe that he would ; for he must be
good, else why does the evil in me so struggle with him, why does he condemn it
? '
"The light shineth in the darkness, and the darkness has
not compre hended it." It tries to enclose it, and quench it ; but in
vain. The light is there still, and by it we know what the darkness is. I have
spoken to you in this way, because I know that you have all hearts and
consciences, which testify of the presence of Him whom these verses declare to
us.
I hope that some of
you have more than this ; but my message is to all, and what I am saying now is
true, not only about you who are here, but about all men who have ever been in
the world. "He hath ordered the times before appointed (saith St. Paul),
and the bounds of men's habitation, that they should seek the Lord, if haply
they might feel after him, and find him." That is to say, God hath placed
one man in this period, one man in that ; one man in this country, one man in
that ; but in every age and in every country, He has been, by some means or
other, stirring men up to feel his presence, and to inquire after him. And
therefore men have said, ' Where is he, and how can we know him? Where does
that Word dwell who is speaking to me inwardly, and making me feel that he is
my Lord, and that I ought to serve him ? Where is he? Is he in the air, or in
the clouds ; is he in the ocean when it rages against me, or in the woods
through which the wind is roaring at night ? Who can declare him to me ? 'This
was the question which men were asking of each other; and now they seemed to
find him here, now there ; now in animals more mean than themselves, which did
them good or harm ; now in the beautiful lights of heaven, now in the creatures
of their own race, who had lived on the earth and left it. Still they sought
him, and dreamed of him ; but could not discover him. He must be like
themselves, they said, and yet he must be most different. He must hate their
evil, and yet they wanted one who could sympathise in it. He must bring them
together, and keep them as one, and yet each man seemed to need a separate God
for himself, to enter into his miseries. Yet all this while " He was not
far from every one of them, for in Him," says St. Paul again, "we
live, and move, and have our being." Though it seemed as if the thought of
his presence confounded them, and made them wretched ; yet from that presence
came all their light, and their freedom, and their hope. In spite of all
disappointments, they could not but believe that he would make himself known,
and that their blindness should not hinder them from beholding Him.
"The Word was made flesh and dwelt among us." This
is St. John's declaration. He does not invent a great many arguments to prove
it ; he simply says, 'So it was.' This poor fisherman, who was once upon a time
sitting in his father's ship on the lake of Galilee, mending his nets, this man
who was infinitely humbler and less self-conceited now than he was then, says
out boldly and without hesitation, ' This everlasting Word, in whom was life,
and whose life was the light of men, this Word who was with God and was God,
was made flesh and dwelt among us ; He whom all nations and kindreds and people
have been longing to see, He whom they have been worshipping in the sun and the
moon and the stars ; He whom their consciences have been confessing and
witnessing of, He has actually shown himself to us ; He has been born into the
world in a little village in our country ; He has grown up among us, we have
seen Him, heard Him, handled Him ; He has walked about with us, we have had the
most intimate converse with Him ; we are sure that He was a real man, that He
was in all outward respects like us, speaking with a human voice, sensible of
bodily fatigue, enduring bodily pain ; we are certain that He had all the
feelings and sympathies of a man ; we are certain that He had friends, that He
sorrowed with them and for them, that He cared for little children; in
everything He was human." And yet (he adds) we beheld his glory the glory
as of the only begotten of the Father." We are sure that in this man, this
poor man, thus entering into our feelings and circumstances, we beheld the
living God. Not some unseen power some angel or divine creature who might have
been sent down on a message of mercy to our little corner of the earth, or to
us poor fishermen of Galilee it is not such a being whom we saw hidden under
this human form ; we declare that we saw the glory of the Father, of Him who
made heaven and earth and the sea, of Him who has been, and is, and is to be ;
of Him to whom all nations and kindreds belong, and who shall be at last
acknowledged as the one living and true God of all. We say that the Father
revealed himself fully and perfectly in this man, that he was with him before
the worlds were, that he held unbroken converse with him while he was upon
earth,that he is upon the right hand of his glory now. He told us that when we
saw him we saw the Father. The lowliest of men told us so, and we believed him.
We are certain that all the Love and Grace and Holiness of God came forth in
Him; we are certain that he exercised the power of God; and we are appointed to
declare this truth to all men, that they may believe it and rejoice in it. We
say that God has made himself known to men, and that in the flesh of Jesus
Christ there is a bond between all creatures and their Creator.
That a meek, humble man, who believed that no thing was so
horrible as to trifle with God's name, should have spoken such words as these,
so boldly, and yet so calmly, with such a certainty that they were true and
that he could live and act upon them, this is wonderful. But yet, this might
have been, and the world might have gone on as if no such sounds had ever been
proclaimed in it. What is the case- actually? These incredible words have been
believed. In the east, in the west, in the north and the south, men there were,
who said, "They are and must be true." Though all their interests
went the other way, they said so ; though they had to give up the most cherished
notions and feelings, they said so; though they had to believe despised men of
a despised nation, they said so ; though the world was against them and would
not leave them quiet in their faith, they said so. The world could not leave
them quiet in their faith; for it was not a faith about themselves, but about
the world. They did not say, ' The Son of God has been made flesh for us.' They
said, ' By this act He has redeemed our race, He has declared that mankind is
created in Him, that men have a new eternal life in Him. He has proclaimed himself
the King and Lord of the universe. And we do not live and die to claim some glory
for ourselves because we are good men or saints. If we are good men or saints,
it is because we renounce all pretensions to goodness and saintship in
ourselves, because we say that all we have is in Him who has been made flesh,
and in that flesh has made us one with Him, that we might receive the Spirit of
the Father and the Son. If we are saints and good men it is because we will
have no honor but what we claim for the poorest beggar who will enter into
God's covenant, and put on Christ by holy baptism.'
You see, then, it was not a question whether this man or that
should hold a certain opinion. The question was, "Who is the Ruler of the
world ? " The apostles said, "This Jesus of Nazareth is its
Ruler." Their words prevailed. The masters of the earth confessed that they
were right. Here in England, at the other end of the world, the news was heard
and received. Then the day which said the Word has been made flesh and has
dwelt among us, became the queen-day of the year. All the joy of the year was
felt to be stored up in it. Every man, and woman, and child, had a right to be
merry upon it.
And has this right ceased? There are some who will tell you
that it has ; and it seems the general opinion, that people are not as merry
now on this day as they used to be. One says that this is a grievous thing,
that we should try if we can to bring back the old times. Another says, ' This
cannot be, people are wiser now. They know that one day is no better than
another; the thing is to be real Christians in our hearts.” Another tells us
“Christmas day is forgotten, because that of which Christmas day speaks does not
signify so much as it once did. It was good for the people who lived a thousand
years ago to believe such tales ; but we have better and more solid things to
care for.”
Brethren, I will tell
you what I believe is the truth about these notions, which different people will
puzzle you with. To those who say, 'Let us bring back the old times let us be
merry as we used to be.’ I would say, “We cannot be merry merely because we try
to be so. We cannot be merry unless there is something to make us merry. If our
hearts be glad we shall find ways to express our gladness, but we do not make
our hearts glad by pretending that they are so, or by putting on the outward
signs of jollity.
Now, this is what men have been endeavoring to do, and they
find that it is a vain thing. They have heard from their forefathers that
Christmas day was a good day ; a day when children and parents, brothers and
sisters, should meet together and rejoice ; they have, accordingly, met and
kept holiday. As long as they remembered that they were kinsfolk, and liked
coming together for the sake of greeting old friends, and looking at the happy
faces of children, they had the savor of Christmas day in them, even though
they might not always recollect in whose name they were assembled, and what his
coming into the world had to do with their good fellowship. But by degrees, the
song, and the cup, and the dance, which were signs of the pleasure that friends
and brothers had in seeing one another, were more thought of than their friendship
and their brotherhood ; then the joy wasted away, and went so much the faster
because they were trying to invent ways of keeping it up. Good hearty English
gladness must have some root. If we care about nothing but ourselves, we shall
not be merry at Christmas time, or at any other time.
And therefore, brethren, I do not know what those mean who
say, that we are to be good Christians in our hearts, but are not to think
about Christmas day. That seems to me like saying that we are to be very good
Christians for ourselves, but that we are not to care whether our neighbors
have any share in the blessing or not. Now how a man can be a good Christian
and only be concerned about himself, I do not know. These days are witnesses to
all men, everywhere, young and old, rich and poor, of a blessingwhich God has bestowed
upon them. If there be no such blessing we ought to say so plainly ; but if
there be, it is a base and miserable thing not to like the plain, simple
testimonies of it which come down from generation to generation, and which all
alike may own and rejoice in whether they have book-learning or no. And mark
this, also, brethren ; they who would cheat us of these days, and send us to a
book, though it be the best book in the world, for all our teaching, soon forget
that our faith is not in a book, but in Him of whom the book speaks. They
forget that the Word is a living person, and that he was made flesh and dwelt
among us. These days bear witness of that truth bless God for them.
Yes, bless God for them! For he is a liar who says that the
words which St. John speaks to us to-day, are not as fresh, as living, as
necessary now as they were when he first wrote them down. It may be, brethren,
that easy, comfortable people make less of Christmas day than they once did.
Perhaps they will presently make less of it than they do now. If the Bible be
true this was to be expected. If Christmas is a real and true thing it was to
be expected. For hear what Isaiah says, and St. Peter repeats the words, "The
grass withereth, the flower thereof falleth away, but the Word of our God
endureth for ever." As if he had said, 'All that has grown out of this
root shall drop off in order that it may be seen how deeply the root itself is
fixed in the soil.'
We do not keep Christmas in the bright, sunny time of the
year, but now in the heart of winter, when everything is bare and dry. And our
Lord himself is said to be " a root out of a dry ground," that,
indeed, from which all the blossoms of hope and joy are to come, but which must
first be owned in its own nakedness before they shall appear. If then, brethren,
men have begun to fancy that their gladness has another root than this, it is meet
that for a time they should be left to try whether they can keep it alive by any
efforts and skill of theirs. If Christmas joy has been separated from Christ,
it is no wonder and no dishonor to Christ that it should grow feeble and
hollow. But Christmas is not dead, because the mirth of those who have
forgotten its meaning is dead. It is not dead for you, it is not dead for
people who lie upon beds tormented with fevers, and dropsies, and cancers. It
is not dead for the children in factories, and for the men who are working in
mines, and for prisoners who never see the light of the sun. To all these the
news, "The Word who was in the beginning with God and was God, in whom is
life, and whose life is the light of men, by whom all things were made, and
without whom was not anything made that was made, became flesh and dwelt among
us, entered into our poverty, and suffering, and death,"-is just as mighty
and cheering news now as it was when St. Peter first declared it to his
countrymen on the day of Pentecost.
You want this truth, brethren, you cannot live or die without
it. You have a right to it, no men can have a greater. By your baptism God hath
given you a portion in him who was made flesh ; by your suffering he is
inviting you to claim that portion, to understand that it is indeed for you Christ
lived and died. You may live as if no such news as this had ever been
proclaimed in the world, but it is not the less true that it has been
proclaimed, and proclaimed for you.
And blessed be God, this proclamation is not made merely
through weak, mortal lips; that altar bears a more deep and amazing witness of
it than it is possible for these words of mine to bear. There you may learn how
real the union is which the living Word of God established with the flesh of
man ; how truly that flesh is given to be the life of the world. Christmas day
declares that He dwelt among us. To those who there eat his flesh and drink his
blood, he promises that he will dwell in them, and that they shall dwell in Him.
This is the festival which makes us know, indeed, that we are members of one body;
it binds together the life of Christ on earth with his life in heaven; it assures
us that Christmas day belongs not to time but to eternity.
